Which term is used when an argument attacks the person rather than the argument?

The term that refers to an argument attacking the person rather than focusing on the argument itself is "ad hominem." This type of argument is characterized by its diversion from the actual issues at hand, choosing instead to discredit the opponent through personal attacks. For instance, if one person is debating a point and their opponent responds by criticizing their character, appearance, or background instead of addressing the topic, that response is an ad hominem argument.

Recognizing ad hominem arguments is crucial for effective critical thinking and debate, as it helps participants and audiences discern when a discussion has become unproductive by veering away from logical reasoning and evidence-based discourse. By identifying this fallacy, individuals can challenge tactics intended to distract or discredit rather than engage with the substantive points of the argument.